GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Managers who believe employees are lazy and work only because they get paid will provide close supervision and control. Managers should ignore the personal problems of employees because they will not affect the employee’s work. All leaders tend to share some common characteristics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Theory X managers are likely to believe that employees are lazy, fear-motivated, and in need of constant direction. These managers tend to be more present in entry-level jobs where productivity and process are favored over independence or innovation, but they may show up at any company level and in any industry.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: The correct option is E) Non-sanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence. Non-sanctioned leaders play an important role and are important in the decision-making process. They have the leaders’ influence as provided by the management of the organization.

Detailed explanation-4: -Closed management is based on the belief that employees are not very interested or motivated and work only because they have to. Limited management is based in the belief that employees’ jobs meet many of their personal needs and that employees who enjoy their work will do a better job.

Detailed explanation-5: -Participative management style Management seeks the thoughts, ideas and opinions of staff, works together with staff to make decisions and then the company acts on them.