GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides. Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, exactly the same from one molecule to the next.

Detailed explanation-2: -Proteins fold into a functional shape Some regions of the protein chain coil up into slinky-like formations called “alpha helices, ‘’ while other regions fold into zigzag patterns called “beta sheets, ‘’ which resemble the folds of a paper fan. These two structures can interact to form more complex structures.

Detailed explanation-3: -A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein folding is the physical process by which a linear polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure.

Detailed explanation-5: -The -helices, the most common secondary structure in proteins, the peptide –CO–NH–groups in the backbone form chains held together by NH ̄OC hydrogen bonds.”3 The -helices form the backbone of proteins and help to aid in the folding process.