GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond forms when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Detailed explanation-3: -More specifically, when a single pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, a single covalent bond is formed. From our discussion, we can see that the number of electrons shared in a single bond between two hydrogen atoms is two.

Detailed explanation-4: -When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a covalent bond. These two atoms can do the same thing that the H atoms did; they share their unpaired electrons to make a covalent bond.

Detailed explanation-5: -Covalent bonds where electrons are not shared equally between two atoms are called polar covalent bond. As shown above, the electrons in a covalent bond between two different atoms (H and Cl in this case) are not equally shared by the atoms. This is due to the electronegativity difference between the two atoms.