GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -In acid-base chemistry, normality refers to the concentration of hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH–).

Detailed explanation-2: -Normality is a measure of concentration that is equal to the gram equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution. Gram equivalent weight is a measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule*. Unit of normality is Eq/L. “N” is the symbol used to denote normality.

Detailed explanation-3: -If you know the Molarity of an acid or base solution, you can easily convert it to Normality by multiplying Molarity by the number of hydrogen (or hydroxide) ions in the acid (or base). For example, a 2 M H2SO4 solution will have a Normality of 4N (2 M x 2 hydrogen ions).

Detailed explanation-4: -For some chemical solutions, Normality and Molarity are equivalent or N=M. This typically occurs when N=1-converting molarity to normality matters only when the number of equivalents changes by ionisation. Here, basicity refers to the number of H+ ions that can be given by an acid molecule.

Detailed explanation-5: -Molarity ( ) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Molality ( ) is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Normality ( ) is defined as the number of equivalents per liter of solution.