GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -The oxygen atom has an electronegativity value of 3.5 while that of the hydrogen atom is 2.1. Oxygen has higher electronegativity so it attained slight negative charge while hydrogen atoms attain slight positive charge. Therefore, a molecule of water due to these charges is a polar molecule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Oxygen is more electronegative as compared to hydrogen and thereby oxygen pulls the electron density towards itself, creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom whereas a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. Consequently, water becomes polar due to this unequal distribution of electrons.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water (Molecular formula: H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and a single oxygen atom. Each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen due to its two lone pairs of electrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles-a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side). We say that the water molecule is electrically polar.

Detailed explanation-5: -With 2.1 for hydrogen and 3.5 for oxygen, the electronegativity difference is 1.4. We would expect a very polar bond. The sharing of electrons between O and H is unequal with the electrons more strongly drawn towards O.