GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Detailed explanation-2: -Atoms form chemical bonds with other atoms when there’s an electrostatic attraction between them. This attraction results from the properties and characteristics of the atoms’ outermost electrons, which are known as valence electrons.

Detailed explanation-3: -The short answer is that atoms are more stable when their outer shell of electrons obeys the octet rule, so if they can gain or lose or share electrons to make an octet they will, and this is what we call a chemical reaction.

Detailed explanation-4: -Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom. For example, oxygen has six valence electrons, two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.