GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Why form chemical bonds? The basic answer is that atoms are trying to reach the most stable (lowest-energy) state that they can. Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons or when they satisfy the octet rule (by having eight valence electrons).

Detailed explanation-2: -To achieve greater stability, atoms will tend to completely fill their outer shells and will bond with other elements to accomplish this goal by sharing electrons, accepting electrons from another atom, or donating electrons to another atom.

Detailed explanation-3: -In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full. Most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable, and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule.

Detailed explanation-4: -Atoms will react to get in the most stable state possible. A complete octet is very stable because all orbitals will be full. Atoms with greater stability have less energy, so a reaction that increases the stability of the atoms will release energy in the form of heat or light.

Detailed explanation-5: - The sharing of electrons enables each atom to fill its outer electron shell (octet rule). This results in a strong attractive force between atoms; the covalent bond. Atoms having a significant difference in electronegativity transfer electrons to form ionic bonds.