GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) are widespread layers of regional scale plumes of air pollution consisting of a mixture of anthropogenic sulfate, nitrate, organics, black carbon, dust, and fly ash particles.

Detailed explanation-2: -Subsequent data have shown that atmospheric brown clouds are a global phenomenon and are associated with human-generated air pollution from Africa, North America, South America, and Europe, as well as Asia.

Detailed explanation-3: -Atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) are basically layers of air pollution consisting of aerosols such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon, and dust that absorb and scatter solar radiation (1). ABCs also contain other anthropogenic aerosols such as sulfates, nitrates, and fly ash, which primarily scatter solar radiation.