GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Which viewpoint (uniformitarian or catastrophist) requires the existence of paraconformities? Uniformitarians rely on the existence of paraconformities to deal with situations where index fossils from different time periods appear in a single layer of rock.

Detailed explanation-2: -catastrophism, doctrine that explains the differences in fossil forms encountered in successive stratigraphic levels as being the product of repeated cataclysmic occurrences and repeated new creations. This doctrine generally is associated with the great French naturalist Baron Georges Cuvier (1769–1832).

Detailed explanation-3: -Coined by William Whewell, it was originally proposed in contrast to catastrophism by British naturalists in the late 18th century, starting with the work of the geologist James Hutton in his many books including Theory of the Earth.