GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Bone cells also release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the regulation of blood sugar (glucose) and fat deposition. Osteocalcin increases both the insulin secretion and sensitivity, in addition to boosting the number of insulin-producing cells and reducing stores of fat.

Detailed explanation-2: -Accumulating evidence has shown that osteocalcin, which is specifically expressed in osteoblasts and secreted into the circulation, regulates glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin expression in pancreas and adiponectin expression in adipocytes, resulting in improving glucose intolerance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Osteocalcin (OCN) is a peptide hormone secreted by osteoblasts, the bone forming cells (Lee et al., 2007). It regulates glucose metabolism by promoting beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and by improving insulin sensitivity (Pi et al., 2011; Ferron et al., 2012).