GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -If a neutral atom gains electrons, then it will become negatively charged. If a neutral atom loses electrons, then it become positively charged.

Detailed explanation-2: -The oxygen atom attracts electrons more strongly than do the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the end of the molecule with the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge. The end of the molecule with the hydrogen atoms has a slight positive charge. Attractions between molecules – Opposite charges attract.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Atoms that gain extra electrons become negatively charged. A neutral chlorine atom, for example, contains 17 protons and 17 electrons. By adding one more electron we get a negatively charged Cl-ion with a net charge of-1.

Detailed explanation-5: -Oxygen needs two electrons to fill its outermost electron shell. Hydrogen has one electron to bond with. So, an oxygen atom needs two hydrogens to bond to in order to complete its shell. After gaining two electrons, the oxygen ion has 10 electrons and 8 protons, giving the oxygen ion a net charge of −2 .