GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -In 1863, at the request of the emperor of France, Napoleon III, Pasteur studied wine contamination and showed it to be caused by microbes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Van Leeuwenhoek is largely credited with the discovery of microbes, while Hooke is credited as the first scientist to describe live processes under a microscope. Spallanzani and Pasteur performed several experiments to demonstrate that microbial life does not arise spontaneously.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pasteur’s first vaccine discovery was in 1879, with a disease called chicken cholera. After accidentally exposing chickens to the attenuated form of a culture, he demonstrated that they became resistant to the actual virus.