GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor. In this role, he encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe. When he died in 814, Charlemagne’s empire encompassed much of Western Europe. Today, Charlemagne is referred to by some as the father of Europe.

Detailed explanation-2: -Charlemagne spent the early part of his reign on several military campaigns to expand his kingdom. He invaded Saxony in 772 and eventually achieved its total conquest and conversion to Christianity. He also extended his dominance to the south, conquering the kingdom of the Lombards in northern Italy.

Detailed explanation-3: -The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded was the Carolingian Empire, which is considered the first phase in the history of the Holy Roman Empire.