GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -European liberalism offered an intellectual basis for unification by challenging dynastic and absolutist models of social and political organization; its German manifestation emphasized the importance of tradition, education, and linguistic unity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bismarck had a political philosophy known as “realpolitik”. This philosophy is based on practical objectives rather than on ideals and meant that Bismarck was willing to do whatever it took to achieve his goals.