GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Detailed explanation-1: -Instead, the Confucian ideal is to lead by virtue and control, or to regulate one’s subjects by li (propriety). This, in turn, will cultivate a sense of honor and respect among the people. Part of the Confucian ideology is that people are born good and can improve themselves through learning.

Detailed explanation-2: -Confucian political theory emphasized conflict resolution through mediation, rather than through the application of abstract rules to establish right and wrong in order to achieve social harmony. The belief that the state was the moral guardian of the people was reflected in a number of institutions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Confucius emphasized virtue. Virtue is up to oneself, but in interacting with others, one cannot do without propriety (or “ceremonies, ‘’ li). Propriety governs others and oneself. No matter how high one’s virtue and character are, one must include virtue in propriety.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Confucian theory of ethics as exemplified in lǐ () is based on three important conceptual aspects of life: (a) ceremonies associated with sacrifice to ancestors and deities of various types, (b) social and political institutions, and (c) the etiquette of daily behavior.