HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Silvopastoral systems are those that combine tree growing with the production of livestock. These systems typically include pasture systems containing trees that are widely spaced or planted in clusters throughout the pasture. This system can be found widely around the world.

Detailed explanation-2: -Silvopasture is the deliberate integration of trees, forage, and grazing livestock on the same piece of land. These agroecosystems are intensively managed for multiple benefits, providing both short-and long-term income.

Detailed explanation-3: -Silvopastoral systems (SPS) are agroforestry arrangements that purposely combine fodder plants, such as grasses and leguminous herbs, with shrubs and trees for animal nutrition and complementary uses.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fast growing species such as locust, alder, willow, and poplar offer an advantage because they can quickly grow above browse height, which allows for faster integration with grazing management. In any case, a balance has to be struck so that all parts of the system are optimized.

Detailed explanation-5: -Choices depend on the livestock component and must be tolerant of grazing and productive under shade. Currently, silvopasture systems primarily involve cattle, goats, or sheep. Other potential livestock choices include: horses, turkeys, chickens, ostriches, emu, or game animals such as bison, deer, elk, and caribou.