HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -6. Which of the following are known as helix breakers? Explanation: Proline and glycine are known as helix breakers as they disrupt the regularity of the alpha helical backbone conformation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycine and proline are structurally unsuitable to sit into an helix structure of a molecule. So, glycine and proline are known as helix breakers as they disrupt the alpha helix backbone’s conformation. Therefore, glycine and proline are not commonly found in helices compared to other types of amino acids.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proline and glycine are sometimes known as “helix breakers” because they disrupt the regularity of the helical backbone conformation; however, both have unusual conformational abilities and are commonly found in turns.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proline is established as a potent breaker of both alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures in soluble (globular) proteins. Thus, the frequent occurrence of the Pro residue in the putative transmembrane helices of integral membrane proteins, particularly transport proteins, presents a structural dilemma.

Detailed explanation-5: -All the amino acids are found in -helices, but glycine and proline are uncommon, as they destabilize the -helix. Glycine is exempt from many steric constraints because it lacks a carbon.