HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The xylems structure consists of lignified tracheary elements like tracheids and vessel elements which are dead at maturity. Both tracheary elements are long hollow cells with tapered end walls. The end walls of adjacent tracheids contain paired small, rimmed, nonperforated pores which are called bordered pits.

Detailed explanation-2: -A tracheid is a long and tapered lignified cell in the xylem of vascular plants. It is a type of conductive cell called a tracheary element. Angiosperms use another type of tracheary element, called vessel elements, to transport water through the xylem.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most angiosperms (flowering plants) have both xylem vessels and tracheids but the xylem vessels serve as the major conductive element. Both xylem vessels and tracheids lose their protoplast at maturity and therefore become non-living components of the xylem eventually.

Detailed explanation-4: -Vessel elements are typically found in angiosperms (flowering plants) but absent from most gymnosperms such as conifers. Vessel elements are the main feature distinguishing the “hardwood” of angiosperms from the “softwood” of conifers.

Detailed explanation-5: -The xylem tracheary elements consist of cells known as tracheids and vessel members, both of which are typically narrow, hollow, and elongated. Tracheids are less specialized than the vessel members and are the only type of water-conducting cells in most gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants.