HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insertion of genes into such a large DNA molecule is accomplished via small insertion vectors, as described previously for vaccinia. Viral and insertion vector DNA are simultaneously introduced into insect cells by direct uptake using calcium phosphate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic engineering is also called genetic modification or GM. It involves modifying the genome of an organism by identifying and removing a gene from the genome of one organism, and introducing it into the genome of another organism to result in a desired characteristic.

Detailed explanation-4: -Horizontal gene transfer is a process in which an organism transfers genetic material to another organism that is not its offspring. Mechanisms of bacterial horizontal gene transfer include transformation, transduction, and conjugation.