HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Farmers can use less spray pesticides when they plant GMO crops. This saves farmers money and reduces the amount of pesticides that end up on crops. When farmers use herbicide-tolerant crops, they reduce the need to till the soil to control weeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -For GM plants, the bacterium most frequently used is called Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The gene of interest is transferred into the bacterium and the bacterial cells then transfer the new DNA to the genome of the plant cells. The plant cells that have successfully taken up the DNA are then grown to create a new plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Another genetic modification intended to contribute to pesticide reduction was the insertion of specific DNA sequences into crop plants to enhance their resistance to insect pests: A gene transfer from the bacterium Bacillus thringiensis leads to the formation of proteins known as Bt toxins in the plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Therefore, gene manipulation plays an important role in agricultural practices. It helps in improving the crop variety. It ensures food security and insect resistant crops. It also improves the quality and yield of crops.