HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The light microscope remains a basic tool of cell biologists, with technical improvements allowing the visualization of ever-increasing details of cell structure. Contemporary light microscopes are able to magnify objects up to about a thousand times.

Detailed explanation-2: -Two types of electron microscope have been used to study plant cells in culture, the transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopes. With the TEM, the electron beam penetrates thin slices of biological material and permits the study of internal features of cells and organelles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thus, light microscopes allow one to visualize cells and their larger components such as nuclei, nucleoli, secretory granules, lysosomes, and large mitochondria. The electron microscope is necessary to see smaller organelles like ribosomes, macromolecular assemblies, and macromolecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -cytology, the study of cells as fundamental units of living things. The earliest phase of cytology began with the English scientist Robert Hooke’s microscopic investigations of cork in 1665. He observed dead cork cells and introduced the term “cell” to describe them.