INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

Detailed explanation-1: -(b) Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of organisms and are known as fossil fuels. (c) The black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell is known as coal tar. (d) During the processing of coal to get a coke, coal tar and coal gas are also obtained.

Detailed explanation-2: -Coal and petroleum are categorised as fuel minerals. Fuel minerals are mainly three types namely coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are carbonaceous fuels. These are extracted from earth and are formed by fossil decomposition and are hence called fossil fuels.

Detailed explanation-3: -Coal is a material usually found in sedimentary rock deposits where rock and dead plant and animal matter are piled up in layers. More than 50 percent of a piece of coal’s weight must be from fossilized plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Coal and petroleum are examples of exhaustible natural resources. Resources which get exhausted and are not available in nature in plenty and are known as exhaustible natural resources. They take longer to get replenished. For example – coal, petroleum, forest, minerals, etc.

Detailed explanation-5: -Coal and petroleum are formed as a result of degradation of ancient plant life which lived millions of years ago. These dead plant matter started to pile up, eventually forming a substance called peat. Over time, heat and pressure from geological processes transformed these materials into coal.