MANAGEMENT

Detailed explanation-1: -While many factors contribute to the gender wage gap, including discriminatory practices, research suggests that time away from employment, occupational clustering, and the time demands of jobs explain much of the difference in wages between men and women.

Detailed explanation-2: -For example, in 2021: Women made up an estimated 44 percent of the overall workforce, but an estimated 41 percent of managers. Women earned an estimated 82 cents for every dollar that men earned (an overall pay gap of 18 cents on the dollar).

Detailed explanation-3: -While this can partly be attributed to a relative lack of education and training among disadvantaged groups, the report says that discrimination too plays a significant role. The report has analysed the disparities among different groups in access to regular and casual jobs and self-employment, and in earnings.

Detailed explanation-4: -In addition to limited access to contraception, women overall receive lower-quality medical care than men. This is linked to other gender inequality reasons such as a lack of education and job opportunities, which results in more women being in poverty. They are less likely to be able to afford good healthcare.