MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cardiac output is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and is measured in liters per minute. HR is most commonly defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minute. SV is the volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction or for each stroke of the heart.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume The equation can be rearranged to find the heart rate and stroke volume if required: Heart rate = cardiac output ÷ stroke volume.

Detailed explanation-3: -We can use this simple calculation to figure out cardiac output: Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume * Heart Rate, which is written CO = SV * HR. Remember, there are two variables that are used to determine the cardiac output. Those are the stroke volume and heart rate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying stroke volume with heart rate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle. It can be readily calculated by subtracting the end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume. Multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate yields the cardiac output, typically reported in liters per minute.