MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Integral proteins may serve as channels or pumps to move materials into or out of the cell. Peripheral proteins are found on the exterior or interior surfaces of membranes, attached either to integral proteins or to phospholipid molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Channel proteins are transmembrane proteins that move molecules from high to low concentration without binding to them or using energy. Because they do not use energy, channel proteins are a form of passive transport.

Detailed explanation-3: -One important type of protein pump found in the cell membrane is called a sodium-potassium pump. This type of protein pump moves ions across the cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aquaporins, belonging to the family of major intrinsic proteins, also form pores in the membrane facilitating mainly the transport of water into and out of the cell. Aquaporins form tetramers in the cell membrane, with each of the four monomers acting as a water channel.