MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood volume is determined by the amount of water and sodium ingested, excreted by the kidneys into the urine, and lost through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Your body is constantly losing water through breathing, sweating, and urinating. If you do not take in enough fluids or water, you become dehydrated. Your body may also have a hard time getting rid of fluids.

Detailed explanation-3: -An increase of salt will cause some vasoconstriction* and reduce the amount of venous pooling (extra blood that collects in the veins) in the legs. Salt will also expand your blood volume by retaining fluids in the venous circulatory system and preventing a drop in your blood pressure.

Detailed explanation-4: -Intracellular fluid volume-Cannot be measured directly but can be calculated by subtracting ECFV by TBW, as the latter two variables are measurable. Interstitial fluid volume-Cannot be measured directly but can be calculated by subtracting PV by ECFV, as the latter two variables are measurable.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sodium and water balance are independently regulated by mechanisms that are designed to maintain circulatory integrity and plasma osmolality, respectively. Sodium balance is regulated by changes in sodium intake and excretion, whereas plasma osmolality is regulated by changes in water intake and water excretion.