MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -As we all know, Cardiac output is the total volume of blood that heart pumps every minute. The formula used to calculate cardiac output is given as CO = HR × SV. SV-Stroke volume-the amount of blood circulated by the heart with each beat.

Detailed explanation-2: -CO = HR x SV Changes in either HR or SV can alter CO. Impaired regulation of SV (including preload, afterload and contractility) can have a significant adverse affect on CO. Normal values for a resting healthy individual would be approximately 5-8L.

Detailed explanation-3: -The formula for determining cardiac output is CO = HR x SV. Normal cardiac output for an adult at rest is anywhere from 5-6 Liters/minute when the person is at rest.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cardiac output is dependent on the heart as well as the circulatory system-veins and arteries. CO is the product of heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (SV), the volume of blood ejected by the heart with each beat.