MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Although the age-specific rates of CVD are higher in men than women in most age groups, the actual lifetime risk of CVD is similar for women and men. Furthermore, evidence suggests that CVD rates not only differ between the sexes but can also differ between age and racial groups within the same sex.

Detailed explanation-2: -Leading risk factors for heart disease and stroke are high blood pressure, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, diabetes, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, obesity, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sex hormones have a strong effect on the cardiovascular system and studies have shown that hormonal dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease events [66]. Polycystic ovary syndrome and menopause are typical diseases closely related to sex hormone changes.

Detailed explanation-4: -A buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries (atherosclerosis) is the most common cause of coronary artery disease. Risk factors include a poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity and smoking. Healthy lifestyle choices can help lower the risk of atherosclerosis.