MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: One of the effector functions of the complement system is bacterial cell lysis. This occurs when complement proteins join together to form a structure called the major attack complex (MAC). Small complement proteins join together, form a ring-shaped structure within the bacterial cell membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -The complement system consists of a tightly regulated network of proteins that play an important role in host defense and inflammation. Complement activation results in opsonization of pathogens and their removal by phagocytes, as well as cell lysis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Complement fixation systems take advantage of the fact that complement proteins bind, or “fix, ‘’ to antigen-antibody complexes during the host immune response to a foreign antigen. If this antigen is cell localized, then the deposition of complement elements will cause cell lysis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lysis of the indicator sheep red blood cells signifies both a lack of antibody in patient serum and a negative complement fixation test. If the patient’s serum does contain a complement-fixing antibody, a positive result will be indicated by the lack of red blood cell lysis.