MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -1: Neutralization of Exotoxins. The Fab portion of the antibodies made against epitopes of the binding site of an exotoxin blocks the exotoxin from binding to the exotoxin receptor on the host cell membrane. As a result, the toxin can not enter the cell and cause harm.

Detailed explanation-2: -Toxoid Vaccines Toxicity of purified exotoxins is then suppressed or inactivated either by heat or with formaldehyde (while maintaining immunogenicity) to form toxoids. Vaccination with toxoids induces anti-toxoid antibodies that are able to bind with the toxin and neutralize its deleterious effects.

Detailed explanation-3: -Through a mechanism known as “neutralization, ‘’ antibodies neutralize pathogens or their toxic products by binding to them and thus preventing them to enter cells and subsequent their infection. This mechanism is critical for protection against bacterial toxins and also pathogens such as viruses.

Detailed explanation-4: -Many common diseases are caused by bacterial toxins. These toxins are all exotoxins-proteins secreted by the bacteria. High-affinity IgG and IgA antibodies protect against these toxins.