MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), also known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism, is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body. Children with GHD have abnormally short stature with normal body proportions.

Detailed explanation-2: -A lack of growth hormone is usually caused by damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland. The damage may be due to a tumor; to surgery or radiation used to treat the tumor; or to problems with the blood supply to the pituitary gland.

Detailed explanation-3: -For individuals with dwarfism due to growth hormone deficiency, treatment with injections of a synthetic version of the hormone may increase final height. In most cases, children receive daily injections for several years until they reach a maximum adult height-often within the average adult range for their family.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gibberellic acid (GA), auxin and brassinosteroid (BR) are three important hormones well known to control plant growth and development18, 19, 20. The expression change of key genes in these hormone regulation pathways could also lead plant dwarfism.

Detailed explanation-5: -GH hypersecretion results in gigantism or acromegaly, a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality, while GH deficiency results in growth retardation in children and the GH deficiency syndrome in adults.