MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metabolic processes essential for normal growth and development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult (28, 40, 189).

Detailed explanation-2: -Growth hormone (GH), a master regulator of somatic growth, also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via complex interactions with insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

Detailed explanation-3: -To generalise, GH effects metabolism, it suppresses glucose uptake and glucose oxidation, and stimulates gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and lipolysis. GH antagonises the action of insulin on peripheral tissues and thereby decreases glucose uptake and increases glucose production.

Detailed explanation-4: -Metabolism: thyroid hormone increases the basal metabolic rate.

Detailed explanation-5: -The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, into the bloodstream. These thyroid hormones stimulate all the cells in the body and control biological processes such as growth, reproduction, development, and metabolism.