MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -As already discussed, the autoimmune destruction of the -cells in type 1 diabetes causes abnormalities of the endocrine pancreas that are more complex than a simple lack of insulin. These include an insulin/glucagon imbalance in the portal circulation and defects in glucagon counterregulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -People with T1D no longer make the hormones insulin and amylin. As a result, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)-which are also hormones-are unable to assist in mealtime blood glucose regulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -If you have type 1 diabetes, your pancreas doesn’t make insulin or makes very little insulin. Insulin helps blood sugar enter the cells in your body for use as energy. Without insulin, blood sugar can’t get into cells and builds up in the bloodstream.

Detailed explanation-4: -Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease in which destruction of pancreatic -cells causes insulin deficiency which leads to hyperglycemia and a tendency to ketoacidosis. Excesses glucose levels must be managed by exogenous insulin injections several times a day.