MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The pancreatic -cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Beta cells (-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are diminished, leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia.

Detailed explanation-3: -When blood glucose levels rise, beta cells in the pancreas normally make the hormone insulin. Insulin triggers cells throughout the body to take up sugar from the blood.

Detailed explanation-4: -The beta cells secrete insulin to facilitate glucose uptake into glucose recipient organs (mainly the muscle, brain, liver, and adipose tissue). Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes as it desensitizes glucose recipient organs to the action of insulin.

Detailed explanation-5: -While the beta cell produces insulin, the only blood glucose-lowering hormone of the body, the alpha cell releases glucagon, which elevates blood glucose. Under physiological conditions, these two cell types affect each other in a paracrine manner.