MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Melatonin is the only known hormone synthesized by the pineal gland and is released in response to darkness hence the name, “hormone of darkness” [10]. Melatonin provides a circadian and seasonal signal to the organisms in vertebrates.

Detailed explanation-2: -Melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland and although it appears not to be essential for human physiology, it is known to have a range of different effects when taken as a medication.

Detailed explanation-3: -Melatonin is mainly synthesized by pinealocytes, which are cells in the pineal gland that are under the control of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) nucleus of the hypothalamus. Melatonin synthesis begins from tryptophan, which is transformed to 5-hydroxytryptophan by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase.