MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each cough occurs through the stimulation of a complex reflex arc. This is initiated by the irritation of cough receptors which are found in the trachea, main carina, branching points of large airways, and more distal smaller airways; also, they are present in the pharynx.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most sensitive sites for initiating cough are the larynx and tracheobronchial tree, especially the carina and points of bronchial branching, areas richly innervated by cough-inducing receptors associated with vagal sensory nerve fibers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cough is a reflex arc, which acts as a defensive physiological mechanism against the inhalation of foreign bodies and the pathogens of the respiratory tract.