MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Particular chemoreceptors, called ASICs, detect the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. To do this, they monitor the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood, which decrease the pH of the blood.

Detailed explanation-2: -To avoid this, mammals rely on specialized cells in the brainstem called central chemoreceptors that can detect changes in the pH of the blood. When these chemoreceptors detect such a change, the body responds by regulating blood flow and breathing.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemoreceptors are proteins or protein complexes that bind molecules detected at distance and generally at low concentration (olfaction) or molecules detected at proximity and often at higher concentrations (gustation), respectively volatile and not volatile for organisms living in the aerial phase.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main peripheral chemoreceptors are the aortic and carotid bodies. They monitor and send impulses to the cardiac centers in the brainstem when they sense low oxygen partial pressure of oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide partial pressure, or decreases in blood pH.

Detailed explanation-5: -By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by hypercapnia or metabolic acidosis. CO2 most likely works by lowering pH.