MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bottom edge of the epithelial tissue next to the basement membrane is the basal surface. In contrast, the edge of the epithelial tissue facing the lumen or the external environment is called the apical surface.

Detailed explanation-2: -The apical surface of epithelial cells, which lines the lumen of sac-and tube-shaped organs and the inner surfaces of the body cavities, forms the interface between the extracellular milieu and underlying tissues.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: c) Epithelial tissue consists of epithelial cells which have a basic structure consisting of an apical surface which are exposed to the “external” environment, and a basement membrane which serve as a scaffolding of sorts to attach to their lined tissue or organ.

Detailed explanation-4: -Epithelia are comprised almost entirely of cells. The apical surface faces the lumen (inside of a hollow organ) while the basal or basolateral surface is adjacent to the underlying tissue. In many epithelia, the apical surface is specialized.