MICROANATOMY

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROSCOPY CELL BIOLOGY

DIFFERENTIATED CELL

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways:by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turing off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of
A
tumors
B
allergies
C
hemophilia
D
cardiovascular disease
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -It has been reported that three different primary pathways evolved to process DSB repair: the HR-based pathway, NHEJ, and alternative end joining (Fig. 4).

Detailed explanation-2: -The DNA damage response leads to apoptosis, transient cell cycle arrest or cellular senescence. Transient cell cycle arrest has a protective effect against tumourigenesis as it allows cells to accurately repair DNA damage before cell cycle progression.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most damage to DNA is repaired by removal of the damaged bases followed by resynthesis of the excised region. Some lesions in DNA, however, can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way of dealing with specific types of DNA damage that occur frequently.

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