MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Germline cells can divide by mitosis to produce more germline cells to maintain the diploid chromosome number. Diploid cells have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. They can also divide bymeiosis to produce haploid gametes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Whereas somatic cells undergo mitosis to proliferate, the germ cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes (the sperm and the egg).

Detailed explanation-3: -Germ cells differentiate to produce male and female gametes, sperm and unfertilized eggs (oocytes or ova), and undergo meiosis to produce a haploid set of chromosomes. Haploid gametes then unite to form a diploid zygote that develops into a new individual.

Detailed explanation-4: -Once mitosis is complete, the cell has two groups of 46 chromosomes, each enclosed with their own nuclear membrane. The cell then splits in two by a process called cytokinesis, creating two clones of the original cell, each with 46 monovalent chromosomes.