MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane called the periosteum (peri– = “around” or “surrounding”). The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone. Tendons and ligaments also attach to bones at the periosteum.

Detailed explanation-2: -The periosteum is the membrane covering the outside of the diaphysis (and epiphyses where articular cartilage is absent). It contains osteoblasts (bone‐forming cells), osteoclasts (bone‐destroying cells), nerve fibers, and blood and lymphatic vessels. Ligaments and tendons attach to the periosteum.

Detailed explanation-3: -The periosteum is a dense, fibrous connective tissue sheath that covers the bones. The outer layer, made up of collagen fibers oriented parallel to the bone, contains arteries, veins, lymphatics, and sensory nerves.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anatomically, periosteum covers the majority of the bony structures with the exception of their intra-articular surfaces and sesamoid bones.

Detailed explanation-5: -The periosteum consists of an outer fibrous layer, and an inner cambium layer (or osteogenic layer). The fibrous layer is of dense irregular connective tissue, containing fibroblasts, while the cambium layer is highly cellular containing progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts.