MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a major role in the tight regulation of coagulation cascade that is paramount in the maintenance of hemostasis1, 2. Other than platelet activation, calcium ions are responsible for complete activation of several coagulation factors, including coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII)3.

Detailed explanation-2: -Calcium ions are needed not only for bone mineralization but for tooth health, regulation of the heart rate and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and regulation of nerve impulse conduction.

Detailed explanation-3: -The PTH system provides long-term, day-to-day regulation of calcium levels by many hormones working in concert. This hormonal “feedback loop” is governed by the parathyroid glands and the calcitonin-secreting cells of the thyroid gland by their constant monitoring of the blood calcium levels.

Detailed explanation-4: -One important clotting factor is fibrin, a long, thin, and sticky protein. When it is turned on, it forms a mesh to hold the platelet plug in place. This is called a fibrin clot. The mesh also traps red blood cells to form a blood clot.