MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -In extension, the opposite of flexion, the angle between the bones of a joint increases. Straightening a limb after flexion is an example of extension. Extension past the normal anatomical position is referred to as hyperextension.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hyperextension is the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury. Similarly, hyperflexion is excessive flexion at a joint. Hyperextension injuries are common at hinge joints such as the knee or elbow.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hyperextension of the hip refers to extending the hip past its resting anatomical position, contracting the gluteus maximus to bring the femur closer to the vertebral column (Figure 9)

Detailed explanation-4: -Extension is the opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Detailed explanation-5: -Extension – straightening. This occurs when the angle between the articulating bones is increased. For example, when straightening the leg, the angle between the femur and the tibia (at the back of the knee) increases, therefore, extension has taken place.