MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hyperkinetic signs differ from negative signs because excessive movement or muscle activity is present with hyperkinetic movements. Thus hyperkinetic movements constitute a distinct category of motor disorder in children. Hyperkinetic movements, negative signs, and hypertonia may be present in the same child.

Detailed explanation-2: -Disorders of movement are generally classified into two categories: those with too little movement (hypokinesias) and those with excess movement (hyperkinesias). Hypokinetic movement disorders include Parkinson’s disease (see Parkinson’s Disease chapter) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hyperkinesia is excess movement caused by decreased basal ganglia output.