MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The hypoglossal nerve innervates all the intrinsic muscles and all but one of the extrinsic muscles (genioglossus, styloglossus, and hyoglossus) of the tongue. The function of each muscle/muscle group is as follows: Genioglossus-Draw the tongue forward from the root.

Detailed explanation-2: -The hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movement. It controls the hyoglossus, intrinsic, genioglossus and styloglossus muscles. These muscles help you speak, swallow and move substances around in your mouth.

Detailed explanation-3: -The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. CN XII is a nerve with a solely motor function.

Detailed explanation-4: -The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).

Detailed explanation-5: -These branches carry general somatic efferent (motor) fibers from spinal nerves C1 and C2, and general somatic afferent fibers from the spinal ganglion (dorsal root ganglion) of C2. These spinal nerves basically “use” the hypoglossal nerve to reach the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.