MICROANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anuria, sometimes called anuresis, refers to the lack of urine production. This can happen as a result of conditions like shock, severe blood loss and failure of your heart or kidneys. It can also be due to medications or toxins. Anuria is an emergency and can be life-threatening.

Detailed explanation-2: -The causes of urinary retention are related to either a blockage that partially or fully prevents urine from leaving your bladder or urethra, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anuria is diagnosed when the kidneys are producing less than 500 milliliters (mL) of urine each day. A usual daily urine output is between 1 to 2 liters for an adult.

Detailed explanation-4: -If renal function is truly affected the typical course of AKI includes 4 stages: (I) initiation, (II) oligo-anuria, (III) polyuria, and (IV) restitution. In this dynamic process, clinical signs of renal dysfunction emerge during stage 2 (oligo-anuria).