NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -The three fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are (1) enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, (2) alteration of bacterial proteins that are antimicrobial targets, and (3) changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Germs restrict access by changing the entryways or limiting the number of entryways. Example: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer layer (membrane) that protects them from their environment. These bacteria can use this membrane to selectively keep antibiotic drugs from entering.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and they are too large to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Instead, they enter host cells through phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of bacteria is a normal function of macrophages. They patrol the tissues of the body and ingest and destroy unwanted microbes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Five Basic Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action against Bacterial Cells: Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis (most common mechanism) Inhibition of Protein Synthesis (Translation) (second largest class) Alteration of Cell Membranes.