NURSING ANM AND GNM

Detailed explanation-1: -Translocation of Virus: Viruses move from one cell to the neighbouring plant cell through plasmodesmata. During movement, they multiply in most cells. Initially they infect parenchyma cells where they multiply and then pass in the neighbouring cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmodesmata are intercellular channels that establish a symplastic communication pathway between neighboring cells in plants. Owing to this role, opportunistic microbial pathogens have evolved to exploit plasmodesmata as gateways to spread infection from cell to cell within the plant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plant viruses utilize plasmodesmata (PD), unique membrane-lined cytoplasmic nanobridges in plants, to spread infection cell-to-cell and long-distance.