PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell. Soon after, the cell divides in two, resulting in daughter cells with identical DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -The centromere is the chromosome region that attaches to a spindle fibre at metaphase of mitosis or meiosis and moves to the spindle pole at anaphase, pulling the rest of the chromosome behind it.

Detailed explanation-3: -Acrocentric centromeres are located near the end of a chromosome. Telocentric centromeres are found at the end or telomere region of a chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere-the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers.

Detailed explanation-5: -The kinetochore, the protein complex assembled at each centromere, serves as the attachment site for spindle microtubules and the site at which motors generate forces to power chromosome movement.