PATHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Metaphase leads to anaphase, during which each chromosome’s sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sister chromatids separate during anaphase in a three-stage program as directed by interaxis bridges.

Detailed explanation-3: -During anaphase, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes for meiosis I), will separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by microtubules. In nondisjunction, the separation fails to occur causing both sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to be pulled to one pole of the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaphase is the fourth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores contract, which pulls the sister chromatids apart and toward opposite poles of the cell (Figure 3c).